Risk management is the process of identifying, analysing, accepting, mitigating or transferring uncertainty in investment decisions. Fund managers apply risk management by analysing and attempting to quantify the potential loss of an investment and then acting accordingly.

The URSSAF National Fund (URSSAF Caisse nationale) of France is currently carrying out a data science project aimed at evaluating the potential contributions of artificial intelligence on the production and quality of forecasts for the collection of social security contributions, necessary for its cash management.

It is widely recognized that a procurement policy, which considers the safety culture of a contractor can significantly impact on the occupational health and safety (OHS) level of a workplace.

The KDD tool (KDD stands for Knowledge Discovery in Databases) is an application developed by the data science team of the Central Control Service (CCS) of the National Employment Office (NEO). The tool was developed in cooperation with the social inspectors to (1) improve fraud detection, (2) be able to prepare and treat their investigations more efficiently and faster, (3) improve follow-up on their results for reporting purposes and (4) to improve the feedback cycle for the data science team so their fraud detection models can be ameliorated.

The creation of artificial skin is an innovative technological development that has the potential to revolutionize the education and learning process. It is a tool with a new and exciting approach that makes it possible to create realistic and authentic products that imitate the feel of human skin. This is particularly important in health education where students need to have a deep understanding of the functioning of the human body.

A family leave reform was introduced in Finland in 2022. The aims of the reform included a more even distribution of family leave and childcare responsibilities between parents and better equality on the labour market. In support of these aims, we created an easy-to-use online calculator that parents can use to get an idea of the impact that sharing the family leave between parents is likely to have on the family’s income. Sharing the entitlement to family leave can often prove financially worthwhile.

Spain’s General Treasury of the Social Security (Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social – TGSS) remains committed to improving citizen services. It has therefore defined a new service model based on user experiences and the implementation of new technologies. Creating this model required an in-depth analysis of the service provided to citizens. We needed to establish a system to measure how often each channel is used, which are the most common requests, and assess which groups interact with the TGSS.

National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (Inail), the Italian Institute who runs the insurance against accidents at work, has supported the adoption of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OSH MS) in Italian companies since 2001. In order to verify if support to OH&S MS and the relevant use of public funds brings social benefits, Inail regularly monitors the efficacy of its policies calculating the difference between the injury index in a certified company with the rest of Italian companies.

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) is a key strategic goal for the government of Zambia. In pursuit of UHC, the National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA) is extending health insurance coverage to the poor and the vulnerable. This extension requires robust estimates of the cost and fiscal implications to the government, and the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

Mexico’s National Commission of the Retirement Savings System (Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro – CONSAR) aims to transform the Retirement Savings System (Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro – SAR) to put workers at the heart of decision-making.

Costa Rica’s Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) runs the Collective Capitalization System (Régimen de Capitalización Colectiva – RCC), exclusively for the education sector. To ensure the actuarial sustainability of the system, it invests the financial resources contributed by members in various alternative investments.

The Dopflux procedure is an innovative approach developed by the National Employment Office (NEO) – Office national de l’emploi – ONEM – of Belgium to address the challenges posed by evolving career trajectories and their impact on social security programmes. This procedure enables the collection and analysis of comprehensive longitudinal data on employment situations and related socioeconomic factors among benefit recipients, offering valuable insights into the effectiveness of social security policies.

This work aims to present the National Social Security Institute (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social − INSS) of Brazil Mentoring Programme, instituted on 20 April 2021, through the Ordinance INSS/PRES No. 1295/2021.

The programme was designed and instituted to manage knowledge at the INSS, value public servants who reach the institution’s goals and support public servants who do not reach their goals.

In times of increasing digitalization and dependence on IT, we see a war for talent in tech, while budgets are simultaneously facing ever-increasing pressure. Because of this, the efficient use of money and resources becomes increasingly important to allow for further growth in the realm of digitalization.

To qualify its employees, the National Social Security Institute (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social – INSS) of Brazil has opened an internal selection for 125 vacancies in master’s courses and 180 vacancies in MBA’s courses at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getulio Vargas – FGV).

The Seychelles Pension Fund (SPF or the Fund) undertook an extensive review of its investment management framework and related practices in 2021 and 2022. The exercise focussed on improving the institution’s Investment Policy framework, so that operations are aligned to international best practice and the prescriptions of the ISSA Guidelines.

Having easy access to accurate and up-to-date information on social security is important to all levels of government as well as the private sector and the media. The Social Insurance Institution (Kansaneläkelaitos) – Kela, as a key institution on social security in Finland, produces such information and wants to maximize its usability for interested parties. To achieve this strategic goal, a new web service, Kela’s Info Tray, was launched in September 2022.

The work of a farmer is binding, physically demanding and exposes to accidents. Farmers in Finland feel that their work ability is lower than many other professional groups. Farmers also have to resort to disability pensions more often than other professional groups. In response we developed an online service which is first of its kind.

The project, “Care plan management for psychological illnesses following accidents” (Steuerung des Heilverfahrens bei psychischen Erkrankungen nach Unfällen), involves three components: the extension of case management to cover psychological disorders, the development of an e-learning seminar to train case workers, and the development and evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm. This comprehensive approach aims to bring about an overall improvement in the quality of care for patients who develop psychological disorders following a work accident.

Since 2020, Costa Rica’s economy has been seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the resultant drop in household income generating other financial needs. For this reason, the Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) has developed a credit line to purchase debts at very favourable conditions.

Morocco’s Supervisory Authority of Insurance and Social Welfare (Autorité de contrôle des assurances et de la prévoyance sociale – ACAPS) has developed a simulation software package specifically for basic medical coverage in order to strengthen its supervisory mission, to support bodies charged with managing basic compulsory health insurance (CHI) schemes, and to respond to requests for technical advice from other institutions.

The German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the energy, textile, electrical and media products sectors (Berufsgenossenschaft Energie Textil Elektro Medienerzeugnisse – BG ETEM) is one of Germany’s social accident insurance institutions. As such, it has a duty to support the treatment and rehabilitation of victims of occupational accidents through all appropriate means (para. 1, No. 2 of Book VII of the German social security code (Sozialgesetztbuch – SGB)).

The National Serious Fraud Prevention Service (Service national de lutte contre la fraude à enjeux – SNLFE) of France’s National Family Allowances Fund (Caisse nationale des allocations familiales – CNAF) is an investigative service which supports the detection and handling of serious fraud. This work is based on two essential components, namely:

The Actuarial Advisory Office (Asesoría Actuarial) of the Social Insurance Institute (Instituto de Previsión Social – IPS) carried out an actuarial valuation of the Common Retirement and Pension Fund (Fondo Común de Jubilaciones y Pensiones). The valuation looks to comply with international best practices and observe the guidelines and standards of the International Standards of Actuarial Practice 2 (ISAP 2), and the ISSA-ILO Guidelines on Actuarial Work for Social Security, with technical support from the International Labour Organization (ILO).

Since the crisis started at the beginning of 2020, businesses have been experiencing lower activity levels. The hope of a quick recovery leads them to try, as much as they can, to keep on their employees, favouring part-time work and temporary lay-offs over letting people go entirely.

The EsSalud - Social Health Insurance Institute (EsSalud - Seguro Social de Salud) of Peru is a critical actor with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, as it watches over the well-being of nearly 12 million insured persons. The information produced by the recently created Business Intelligence and Data Analytics Unit (Unidad de Inteligencia y Análisis de Datos – UIAD) has underpinned the strategic, tactical and operational decisions of EsSalud’s senior management and other entities, as well as other aspects of the institutional response to the health emergency.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the requirements of the services responsible for providing care during said pandemic, the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social – IMSS) implemented a data governance strategy designed to provide key areas with valuable information on aspects such as health, staff management, training and the monitoring of materials and supplies The aim is to facilitate decision-making through a single information source.

With many entities shifting their data from hard copies to digital computer systems in the early 1990s, there was a heavy reliance on human labour that was required to do the data entry process. This process however, did not come without consequences some of which included digitisation of existing errors, human error in the data capture, creation of suspense balances and subsequent loss of data. These challenges culminated into poor quality data, a critical matter that many entities are still facing to date. The National Social Security Fund (NSSF) of Uganda is no exception.

In March 2020, the Social Insurance Fund of Costa Rica (Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social – CCSS) consolidated an innovative automated tool for tracking the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic among the population and the relevant care provided in the CCSS’s health establishments.

Intelligent health analytics solutions were developed for the clinical and administrative management of services, with timely, high-quality information in means accessible by decision-makers, thereby boosting the effectiveness of the management of the pandemic and other pathologies.

The Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (MVAF, hereafter the Fund) of Botswana’s mandate is to promote road safety and compensate those affected by road traffic accidents in the form of benefits (medical and rehabilitation costs, funeral costs, loss on income, loss of support and other necessary social support services). The total benefits payable by the Fund are limited by 1 million Botswanan pulas (BWP).

Given the growth of the community of the Civil Servants Pension Fund (CSPF) and the numerous needs of this community in various areas such as social, economic, healthcare, etc., designing products and services, providing economic and customized start-up-based solutions are considered as a fundamental necessity. Therefore, the CSPF has established the Saba Innovation Centre (Saba) with two goals:

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential increase in unemployment that will be brought about by the almost certain recession that will follow, the Government of Grenada (GOG) announced a series of stimulus measures including the introduction of an Unemployment Assistance Benefit (UAB) programme to be administered by the National Insurance Board (NIB) in the amount of 10 million East Caribbean dollars (XCD). The UAB administered by the NIB will cater to insured employees and self -employed persons who are affected.

Law No. 27.546 on the reform of the special schemes for magistrates and Argentina’s Judiciary and Foreign Office officials is part of the initiatives promoted by the Argentinian Government in order to reinforce the redistributive and fair nature of the pension system, considering the various schemes that it comprises as a single system.

In 2019, the National Occupational Union for Employment in Industry and Commerce (Union nationale interprofessionnelle pour l’emploi dans l’industrie et le commerce – Unédic) chose the path of socially responsible investment (SRI) in a bid to better guarantee funding for targeted projects and provisions, and to measure their social and environmental impacts.

Responding to rapid changes in the socio-economic environment, the legal framework for social security is constantly changing. This raises the need for quick and high-quality amendments to the software that provides services to insurers and insured. Three types of knowledge are required to ensure the quality of software: Business and legal knowledge, information technology (IT) knowledge and practical experience in working with the information system. It is desirable that all these competencies in the right proportions are possessed by every employee involved in software modification.

The national social security system in Indonesia can be divided into two social security administering bodies (BPJS), namely Social Security Administering Body for the Health Sector (BPJS Kesehatan) and National Social Security Administering Body for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). BPJS Kesehatan organizes health insurance programmes and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan provides work accident insurance, old-age savings, pension benefits, and death benefits.

At the operational level, fatal and serious occupational accidents in trade and goods logistics occur rarely, so most companies fortunately lack concrete operational experience.

Morocco’s CDG Prévoyance ensures the technical and financial management of more than 25 pension schemes and solidarity funds that are extremely diverse in terms of groups covered, size and technical make-up.

This diversity makes the effective management of data a prerequisite in the financial management of these schemes and funds, which involves a wide range of information emanating from a variety of sources.

Each year in June (as required by law), the Board of the Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF) makes two determinations:

• Determining a crediting rate for the financial year just ended, which would adjust member balances accordingly on 30 June.
• Determining a pro-rata crediting rate (or interim crediting rate), which will apply to full withdrawals during the financial year ahead.

A Distribution Policy was developed to guide the Board’s crediting rate determination process and which was built on the following principles:

The ISSA Guidelines on Investment of Social Security Funds is anchored on a robust investment philosophy that is centred on high investment returns to the scheme and consequently to the members. In addition to this, social security institutions have a social responsibility to its membership and the environment to promote environmentally conscious investment.

The mission of Morocco’s CDG Prévoyance is to honour, as effectively as possible, the financial commitments of the schemes it manages. This necessarily involves the definition of an investment strategy capable of achieving the return and risk objectives that have been set. Roll-out of the strategy requires benchmarks to be established and shared with the external managers who have been charged with its implementation.

In Côte d’Ivoire, less than 10 per cent of the population is formally covered by the social security system and around 95 per cent of jobs belong to the informal economy. The Social Insurance Institute – National Social Insurance Fund (Institution de prévoyance sociale – Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale – IPS-CNPS) has therefore begun to extend social security coverage to self-employed workers by creating a specific framework tailored to this group.

The need for the Gabon National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) to make its own actuarial valuations, thereby reducing the cost of outsourcing to actuarial firms, led the General Directorate to provide the services in charge of actuarial work with a modelling tool so it can make actuarial valuations to provide better support for forthcoming reforms. This particularly concerns the sector of old age benefits, where the deficit is accelerating every year.

Since 1996, the Members Investment Scheme (MIS) has provided an option for members of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) of Malaysia to divert retirement savings to investments outside EPF for the purpose of maximising their retirement savings. These investments are managed by third-party Fund Management Institutions (FMIs), and promoted through their agents.

In Mexico, the Institute of Social Security of the State of Guanajuato (Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de Guanajuato – ISSEG) has gained in financial strength over the past 20 years. Its actuarial viability is currently projected up to 2082, assuming a real annual return on its reserves of 4 per cent.

Typically, the insurance funds need financial balance evaluation between their revenues and expenditures in different schemes according to certain upstream fund regulations. In the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), though the long-term benefits have been actuarially assessed several times, the actuarial valuation on healthcare sector has not been performed.

Over the past 20 years, Mexico’s Institute of Social Security of the State of Guanajuato (Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de Guanajuato – ISSEG) has successfully managed to consolidate its actuarial viability. Currently, projections suggest the viability of ISSEG activities is ensured until 2082, if the organization achieves a 4 per cent real rate of return per annum on its reserve. If this return is 100 basis points lower (3 per cent real rate of return), viability is projected to the year 2055, a difference of 27 years.

The Local Authorities Pension Trust (LAPT) actively seeks to create sustainable value through our business activities – for our customers, employees, shareholders and society. We have embraced sustainability as a value that motivates and inspires our business undertakings. It is owing to this reason that LAPT signed up to the United Nations (UN) Global Compact initiative, a call to companies to align strategies and operations with universal principles on human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption, and take actions that advance societal goals.

A particular feature of Morocco’s Deposit and Management Fund (Caisse de Dépôts et de Gestion – CDG) is that it performs financial management activities both on its own account and on behalf of the provident funds and schemes that it manages through its provident fund, CDG Insurance (CDG Prévoyance), which directly manages social security funds for the CDG group.

On the subject of insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases, Italian legislation (Law 144/1999; Legislative Decree 38/2000) provides suitable coverage for biological damage and impairments of psycho-physical integrity between 6 per cent to 15 per cent. A one-off lump sum indemnity is provided, independent of the salary of the injured person, increasing with the severity of impairment and variable according to age and gender of the injured person.

The main objective of investing social security funds is to generate returns that help to finance payment of benefits and services to members. Apart from maximizing returns, investment by social security schemes aim to create positive social-economic impact to the Community. The Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF), hereafter also referred to as the Fund, being the leading social security scheme in United Republic of Tanzania, has made investments in four industrial projects apart from the traditional investments.

The mission statement of the Abu Dhabi Pension Fund (ADPF) of the United Arab Emirates highlights a key priority to maintain financial sustainability in the provision of future benefits. To achieve that, the Fund regularly monitors its liability and identify different factors affecting it.

One factor identified to negatively impact liabilities was changes to pensionable salaries done by employers. The fund operates a Final Salary Defined Benefit (DB) system, which by definition can be vulnerable to such changes.

The purpose of the project is to ensure the risk and return of the investment portfolio of the Public Authority for Social Insurance (PASI) of Oman meets its target to maintain the sustainability of the scheme in order to provide the required benefits to pensioners.

The PASI risk scoring methodology is as follows:

Masdr Data Solution Company is a company owned by the General Organization of Social Insurance (GOSI) of Saudi Arabia. It was established in 2018 with the goal to utilize the labour market data and enhance the social and economic welfare. GOSI views Masdr as an opportunity to better serve society and contribute to the digital transformation inspired by the 2030 Vision. The establishment of Masdr has increased GOSI’s customer satisfaction as it shortened and eased the service delivery journey.

In early 2012, the Libyan Centre for Consultancies and Human Development (LCCHD, hereafter the Centre) was assigned to carry out the task of conducting the annual Training Needs Assessment (TNA) and delivering quality training for all Social Security Fund (SSF) employees across Libya.

The Civil Service Employees Pension Fund (CSEPF) is a service organization providing social protection to Omani citizens working in the public sector in Oman, the Gulf Cooperation Countries and elsewhere.

CSEPF established its Risk Department, which led to:

The Derrama Magisterial (DM) has begun offering a number of services in accordance with the terms of its Statutes, and one noteworthy scheme involves providing credit to member teachers at a preferential rate of interest. Such credit, along with other types of investment, helps support the organization, and contributes above all to providing pension-related benefits to member teachers and their dependents. 

In 2017, Raidah Investment Company (RIC) was mandated to become the investment arm of the Public Pension Agency (PPA) of Saudi Arabia. The RIC’s mission was to maximize investment returns while maintaining a prudent risk in order to meet PPA’s funding obligations.

In accordance with good practices concerning the governance and investment of social security funds, Morocco’s Deposit and Management Fund Insurance (Caisse de Dépôt et de Gestion Prévoyance – CDG Prévoyance), hereafter referred to as CDG Insurance, tasked with managing social security funds, makes systematic use of an annual external audit of its financial management conducted by a specialized external audit firm.

The Canada Pension Plan Service Improvement Strategy (CPP SIS), developed by the Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), was successfully concluded in 2022. The six-year strategy was designed to address service delivery challenges brought on by the increasing number of clients and evolving client expectations of government services.

Mexico’s National Commission of the Retirement Savings System (Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro – CONSAR) runs a professionalization training programme for the investment and risk management teams of Retirement Fund Administrators (Administradoras de Fondos para el Retiro – AFOREs). In this system, AFOREs’ staff members receive certifications from a recognized and prestigious independent third party that delivers training in financial matters.

Since 2016, Costa Rica’s Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) has established a self‑balancing formula for its defined-benefit Collective Capitalization System (Régimen de Capitalización Colectiva – RCC), which facilitates the setting of investment targets related to fund solvency, as well as the Board of Directors’ decision-making.

This is about a platform for data exploration and analysis which aims to allow large quantities of data to be visualized, filtered and categorized so as to inform organizational decisions affecting society at large.

The Social Security Fund (SSF) of Libya is seeking to ensure its investments and assets, creating psychological and social stability for its employees from operational risks, and transferring these risks to insurance companies to address them accordingly.

The pension reforms carried out by the Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF or the Fund) in 2011 ushered in a new legislation that changed the dynamics of the Fund. The new law was introduced to address the increasing pension burden, which was flagged as a financial and solvency risk and, given the Fund’s position in the financial sector, an imminent systemic risk.

China, as the most populous country in the world, is facing the great pressure of demographic change and the sustainability of old-age insurance system.

In recent years, the Chinese government has taken various measures to promote the market-oriented investment and operation of the basic old-age insurance fund (hereinafter referred to as the fund). The investment scale has increased year by year, and its income has steadily increased, providing support for the sustainable development of the old-age insurance system.

In the face of the problem posed by the financial deficit of the Sickness and Maternity Insurance in terms of its coverage for affiliates and pensioners, we had to look for methodologies to assess the future trends of revenues and expenses.

To estimate the coverage expense for Medical Expenses for Pensioners (gastos médicos de pensionados (GMP)), in 2013 we developed an actuarial model with which we could estimate the sufficient leveled premium to settle the future expenses based on the results obtained.

On the grounds of the amendment of the Mexican Social Security Law of 1995, we discerned the need to implement a new actuarial model to valuate the financial situation of the Disability and Life Insurance (seguro de invalidez y vida (SIV)), according to the radical change in the pension scheme. Therefrom, we adjusted the existing actuarial models; however, eventually, the need and challenge of reconsidering the model arose in order to have a model that covered the changes taking place during the terms of the pension scheme.

The Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) is by law obliged to prepare forecasts of the spending and revenues of the Social Insurance Fund (FUS) (i.e. the pension fund, the disability fund, the sickness fund and the work injury fund). A cohort model built to fulfil this requirement was sufficient to forecast aggregate spending and revenues, but, being based on average cohort values, it does not provide information on the benefits’ structure.

Mexico’s National Commission of the Retirement Savings System (Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro – CONSAR) is committed to providing Mexican workers with guidance and education on financial and social security matters, specifically in relation to saving for old age. The “CONSAR Collection of Retirement Savings Calculators” (hereinafter Calculators) groups together tools designed for people who will retire under defined-contribution pension systems with individual accounts.

Since 2014, the actuarial department of Costa Rica’s Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) in Costa Rica has produced a report known as the “Blue Report” (Informe Azul) for members of its defined-benefit Collective Capitalization System (Régimen de Capitalización Colectiva – RCC). The report aims to give members an overview of the actuarial situation in accessible language.

Through this participation, we aim to clarify the idea of establishing the Libyan Centre for Research and Actuarial Studies, and the procedures that the administration followed in refining and qualifying human cadres in the fields of social protection, social research, and actuarial studies.

In order to achieve good corporate governance, the Risk Management Department developed an excel model for Risk Rating and Grading of the PASI investment portfolio for more effective risk management:
 

1. Design Risk Measurement Models:

Data is collected from PASI investments on a monthly basis to calculate the Yearly Volatility and Return.
 

2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

Calculation of Beta, Expected Return and Drift Rate.
 

Training is a key element for any organization striving to prepare cadres capable of meeting business needs and keeping abreast of the rapid developments and changes in the field of work. It is also considered one of the various means of investment that benefits the Social Security Fund (SSF, hereafter the Fund) of Libya.

Due to the wide scope of its statutory activities, the Social Insurance Institution (Zaklad Ubezpieczen Spolecznych − ZUS) has huge information resources and conducts numerous statistical surveys that allow for cross-sectional analysis of phenomena in the field of social insurance. The results of ZUS studies, analyses, forecasts and widely available statistical information are used by many public institutions, research institutions and private recipients.

According to Law no. 9154/2003 on archives in Albania, documents are all the acts created by public and non-public authorities, legal and physical entities, which are assessed as having national historical importance. The use of archives is an opportunity to utilize archival documents for personal needs or for research-scientific purposes.

The Pension Fund of Morocco (Caisse marocaine des retraites (CMR)) ensures the financial equilibrium of the pension schemes it manages by preparing actuarial balance sheets that are presented annually to its Board of Directors. The balance sheet results help decision-makers assess the scheme's financial sustainability and take decisions on steering the system or adjusting the parameters.

• the most recent statutory actuarial report prepared by the Chief Actuary tabled in Parliament;
• any more recent estimates of the Chief Actuary;
• to maintain a relatively stable ratio of assets to expenditures over a long time horizon by determining a rel

If the latest actuarial report indicates a minimum contribution rate that is higher than the current legislated contribution rate and the federal and provincial finance ministers, after their financial review, do not make a recommendation, then Canada Pension Plan (CPP) selfsustaining default provisions apply.

Default provisions: If the legislated contribution rate is lower than the minimum contribution rate and if finance ministers do not make a recommendation, then default provisions apply:

The long and difficult economic crisis which Cameroon went through between the mid-1980s and the early 2000s left its mark on the social security system managed by the National Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale – CNPS), plunging the country into a structural deficit that lasted until 2016.

The Directorate of Workers 19 Social Protection (Direction de la Protection Sociale des Travailleurs (DAPS)) developed the ATLAS software as part of the reflection on and reform of pension schemes in Morocco. It is designed to respond to the specificities of Moroccan pension schemes. It can be used to develop projections that will assist in piloting these schemes by producing:

The scoreboard is a management tool designed to assist decision-making. It groups performance indicators concerning the financial and demographic status of a pension scheme as well as equity and intra- and inter-generational solidarity, in the form of a structured and synthetic report. It enables decision-makers to keep track of the evolution of the system they are managing, to detect possible threats and take the necessary decisions at the appropriate time.

The progressive establishment of Mutual Benefit Society for Public Employees (Mutuelle de la fonction publique – MFP) agencies in Burundi’s provinces encourages a gradual decentralization of services – notably registration, benefit checks and contribution collection – and also promotes the extension of health-care coverage throughout the country.

Since reforms of its scheme were implemented in 2003, the Interprofessional Retirement Fund (Caisse interprofessionnelle marocaine de retraite – CIMR) of Morocco has created its steering committee, composed of managers and senior members of the institution, which is aimed mainly at proposing to the Administrative Council all necessary measures to maintain the sustainability of the Fund over the long term, on the basis of updated financial and actuarial projections.

CDG Prévoyance, a branch of Morocco’s Deposit and Management Fund (Caisse de dépôt et de gestion – CDG), is responsible for managing two institutions: the National Pension and Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de retraites et d’assurances – CNRA) and the Collective Pension Scheme (Régime collectif d’allocation de retraite – RCAR). Its primary mission is to ensure the management of pension schemes and solidarity funds, while contributing to the country’s economic, social and human development.

As part of its social mission, Morocco’s CDG Prévoyance manages, by way of the National Pension and Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de retraite et d’assurances – CNRA), a public institution guaranteed by the State, a multitude of schemes and solidarity funds covering various categories of beneficiary. As such, the CNRA is responsible for collecting the constituent capital, which is calculated according to rates imposed by legislation.

The Orange Report - The Annual Report of the Swedish Pension System - is a means of spreading and presenting information and knowledge about how the Swedish public pension system works and performs.

The Orange Report combines common accounting principles and a specially developed method to be able to present the financial development of a public (and essentially pay-as-you-go financed) pension scheme.

The target groups for this system level information are: government, politicians, policy analysts, media and researchers.

The Office of the Chief Actuary (OCA) is required by legislation to produce regular actuarial reports assessing the sustainability of the Canada Pension Plan (CPP). The Chief Actuary is solely responsible for the content of the report and for the assumptions used.

The OCA follows a well-documented and clear assumptions development process.

The valuation of the balance between the acquired pension entitlements and liabilities of the mandatory pension insurance system is conducted on the basis of the Pension Fund’s (PFR) actuarial model, developed and verified by a specialized department of the PFR - the Department for Actuarial Valuations and Strategic Planning. This model is a unique product and enabler to accumulate every specific option of pension entitlement valuation under the national pension legislation.

The city of Neuquén’s Municipal Social Insurance Institute (Instituto Municipal de Previsión Social – IMPS), part of Argentina’s Federal Social Insurance Council (Consejo Federal de Previsión Social – COFEPRES), was founded on 28 August 1958. It was established with a view to speeding up the process by which benefits were granted to the city’s municipal employees, since at that time these procedures were referred to the city of Buenos Aires by virtue of National Law No. 4349.

The progressive opening of Mutual Benefit Society for Public Employees (Mutuelle de la fonction publique – MFP) counters in Burundi’s public and accredited hospitals helps to combat fraud, social security evasion and identification, and prescribing errors while promoting the gradual extension of health-care coverage throughout the country. This results in job creation, as benefit controllers are recruited to work in the hospitals in question. There are also significant advantages for the MFP, as vast amounts of money are returned to the fund and fraud and error are prevented.

After incorporating all social insurance systems represented in the civil service retirement, military service retirement, and the free social pension systems under one title and organization, namely, The General Committee of Social Security, and after the return of all the assets and properties of these systems to the mentioned commission, all of which has emphasized the financial status of the commission to result in owning strong financial assets and returns. As a result, the serious need to find various investment channels arose.