Mandatory old-age benefits, programme type
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| Country | Contributory | Non-contributory | Provident funds [a] | Occupational pensions | Individual accounts | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flat-rate | Earnings-related | Means-tested | Universal | ||||
| Albania | X | X | |||||
| Algeria | X | ||||||
| Andorra | X | X | |||||
| Angola | X | ||||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | X | X | |||||
| Argentina | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Armenia | g X | g X | X | X | |||
| Aruba | X | X | |||||
| Australia | X | X | X | ||||
| Austria | X | X | |||||
| Azerbaijan | X | X | X | ||||
| Bahamas | X | X | |||||
| Bahrain, The Kingdom of | X | X | |||||
| Bangladesh | X | ||||||
| Barbados | X | X | |||||
| Belarus | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Belgium | X | X | |||||
| Belize | X | X | |||||
| Benin | X | ||||||
| Bermuda | X | X | X | ||||
| Bhutan | X | ||||||
| Bolivia, Plurinational State of | X | c X | |||||
| Botswana | X | ||||||
| Brazil | X | X | |||||
| British Virgin Islands | X | ||||||
| Brunei Darussalam | X | X | X | ||||
| Bulgaria | X | X | X | ||||
| Burkina Faso | X | ||||||
| Burma (Myanmar) | h X | ||||||
| Burundi | X | ||||||
| Cabo Verde | X | X | |||||
| Cambodia | |||||||
| Cameroon | X | ||||||
| Canada | X | X | d X | ||||
| Central African Republic | X | ||||||
| Chad | X | ||||||
| Chile | e X | X | c X | ||||
| China | X | X | X | ||||
| Colombia | X | X | c X | ||||
| Congo | X | ||||||
| Costa Rica | X | X | X | ||||
| Croatia | X | X | |||||
| Cuba | X | X | |||||
| Cyprus | X | X | |||||
| Czechia | b X | b X | |||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | X | ||||||
| Denmark | X | f X | |||||
| Djibouti | X | ||||||
| Dominica | X | ||||||
| Dominican Republic | c X | ||||||
| Ecuador | X | X | |||||
| Egypt | X | X | |||||
| El Salvador | e X | X | c X | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | X | ||||||
| Estonia | b X | b X | X | X | |||
| Eswatini | X | X | |||||
| Ethiopia | X | ||||||
| Fiji | X | X | |||||
| Finland | X | X | f X | ||||
| France | X | X | X | ||||
| Gabon | X | ||||||
| Gambia | X | X | |||||
| Georgia | X | X | |||||
| Germany | X | X | |||||
| Ghana | X | X | |||||
| Greece | X | X | X | ||||
| Grenada | X | ||||||
| Guatemala | X | X | |||||
| Guinea | X | ||||||
| Guinea-Bissau | X | ||||||
| Guyana | X | X | |||||
| Haiti | X | X | |||||
| Honduras | X | X | |||||
| Hong Kong, China | X | X | X | ||||
| Hungary | X | ||||||
| Iceland | X | f X | X | ||||
| India | X | X | X | ||||
| Indonesia | X | X | |||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | X | ||||||
| Ireland | X | X | |||||
| Isle of Man | X | X | X | ||||
| Israel | X | X | |||||
| Italy | c X | X | |||||
| Jamaica | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Japan | X | X | |||||
| Jersey | X | ||||||
| Jordan | X | X | |||||
| Kazakhstan | X | X | X | X | |||
| Kenya | X | X | X | ||||
| Kiribati | X | X | |||||
| Korea, Republic of | X | X | |||||
| Kuwait | X | X | |||||
| Kyrgyzstan | g X | g X | X | X | |||
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | X | ||||||
| Latvia | X | X | X | ||||
| Lebanon | X | ||||||
| Lesotho | X | ||||||
| Liberia | X | ||||||
| Libya | X | ||||||
| Liechtenstein | X | X | |||||
| Lithuania | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Luxembourg | b, c X | b, c X | |||||
| Madagascar | g X | g X | |||||
| Malawi | X | ||||||
| Malaysia | X | X | |||||
| Mali | X | ||||||
| Malta | X | X | X | X | |||
| Marshall Islands | X | ||||||
| Mauritania | X | ||||||
| Mauritius | X | X | |||||
| Mexico | e X | X | c X | ||||
| Micronesia | X | ||||||
| Moldova, Republic of | X | X | |||||
| Monaco | X | X | |||||
| Morocco | X | ||||||
| Mozambique | X | X | |||||
| Namibia | X | X | X | ||||
| Nepal | X | X | |||||
| Netherlands | X | X | |||||
| New Zealand | X | X | |||||
| Nicaragua | X | ||||||
| Niger | X | ||||||
| Nigeria | X | ||||||
| Norway | X | f X | X | ||||
| Oman | X | X | |||||
| Pakistan | X | ||||||
| Palau | X | ||||||
| Panama | X | X | X | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | X | ||||||
| Paraguay | X | X | |||||
| Peru | X | X | c X | ||||
| Philippines | g X | g X | X | ||||
| Poland | b X | b, c X | f X | ||||
| Portugal | X | X | |||||
| Qatar | X | X | |||||
| Romania | X | X | |||||
| Russian Federation | b X | b X | X | X | |||
| Rwanda | X | ||||||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | X | X | |||||
| Saint Lucia | X | ||||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | X | X | |||||
| Samoa | X | X | |||||
| San Marino | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Sao Tome and Principe | X | ||||||
| Saudi Arabia | X | X | |||||
| Senegal | X | ||||||
| Serbia | X | ||||||
| Seychelles | X | X | |||||
| Sierra Leone | X | ||||||
| Singapore | X | X | |||||
| Slovakia | c X | X | |||||
| Slovenia | X | ||||||
| Solomon Islands | X | ||||||
| South Africa | X | ||||||
| Spain | X | X | |||||
| Sri Lanka | X | ||||||
| Sudan | X | ||||||
| Suriname | X | X | |||||
| Sweden | X | f X | X | ||||
| Switzerland | b X | b X | X | ||||
| Syrian Arab Republic | X | ||||||
| Taiwan, China | g X | g X | X | X | |||
| Tajikistan | X | X | X | ||||
| Tanzania, United Republic of | X | ||||||
| Thailand | X | X | |||||
| Togo | X | ||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | X | X | |||||
| Tunisia | X | ||||||
| Turkmenistan | X | X | |||||
| Türkiye | X | ||||||
| Uganda | X | ||||||
| Ukraine | X | X | |||||
| United Kingdom | X | X | X | ||||
| United States of America | X | X | |||||
| Uruguay | X | X | X | ||||
| Uzbekistan | X | X | X | ||||
| Vanuatu | X | ||||||
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | X | X | |||||
| Viet Nam | X | X | |||||
| Yemen | X | ||||||
| Zambia | X | ||||||
| Zimbabwe | X | ||||||
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