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Finlande
| Population totale (Mio): | 5.3 |
| PNB per capita (USD): | 34526 |
Old Age, Disability and Survivors
Regulatory Framework
First law: 1937.
Current laws: 1961 (Employees' Pension Act No. 395, earnings-related pensions); 1969 (Survivors' Pension Act No. 38 of 17 January), with 1990 (No. 104, widowers) amendment; 1986 (partial pension and early pension), with amendments; 2007 (universal pensions), implemented in 2008, with amendments; and 2007 (Act No. 1362 of 21 December, on invalidity and survivor benefits).
Type of program: Universal and social insurance system.
Current laws: 1961 (Employees' Pension Act No. 395, earnings-related pensions); 1969 (Survivors' Pension Act No. 38 of 17 January), with 1990 (No. 104, widowers) amendment; 1986 (partial pension and early pension), with amendments; 2007 (universal pensions), implemented in 2008, with amendments; and 2007 (Act No. 1362 of 21 December, on invalidity and survivor benefits).
Type of program: Universal and social insurance system.
Coverage
Universal pension (income-tested): All persons residing in Finland for at least 3 years after age 16; persons whose disabilities began while living in Finland and before reaching age 19, regardless of the length of residence in Finland.
Earnings-related pension: All employees aged 18 to 68, persons caring for a child younger than age 3, and students who received a degree for study periods up to 5 years.
Special systems for maritime workers, public-sector employees, and farmers.
Earnings-related pension: All employees aged 18 to 68, persons caring for a child younger than age 3, and students who received a degree for study periods up to 5 years.
Special systems for maritime workers, public-sector employees, and farmers.
Source of funds
Insured person
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: 4.5% of gross monthly earnings for employees younger than age 53; 5.7% of gross monthly earnings for employees aged 53 or older.
The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are €51.57.
There is no maximum limit on the earnings used to calculated contributions.
Self-employed person
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: 21.2% of declared covered monthly earnings if younger than age 53; 22.4% of declared covered monthly earnings if aged 53 or older.
Self-employed persons setting up a business for the first time pay 25% less for the first 48 months of contributions. If the business closes down before the end of the 48th month, the remaining months can be applied towards a second period of self-employment. There is no limit on the interval between these periods.
The minimum annual earnings for contribution calculation purposes for self-employed persons are €6,775.60.
The maximum annual earnings for contribution calculation purposes are €153,875.
Employer
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: The average monthly contribution is 17.1%.
The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are €51.57.
There is no maximum limit on the earnings used to calculated contributions.
Government
Universal pension: Total cost of universal pensions, housing allowances, disability allowances, pensioner care allowances, survivor pensions, and war veterans' benefits.
Earnings-related pension: The total cost of the earnings-related pension for self-employed persons whose earnings are less than the minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions. The total cost of covered study periods for students and unpaid periods of child care for persons caring for a child younger than age 3.
The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions for self-employed persons are €6,775.60.
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: 4.5% of gross monthly earnings for employees younger than age 53; 5.7% of gross monthly earnings for employees aged 53 or older.
The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are €51.57.
There is no maximum limit on the earnings used to calculated contributions.
Self-employed person
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: 21.2% of declared covered monthly earnings if younger than age 53; 22.4% of declared covered monthly earnings if aged 53 or older.
Self-employed persons setting up a business for the first time pay 25% less for the first 48 months of contributions. If the business closes down before the end of the 48th month, the remaining months can be applied towards a second period of self-employment. There is no limit on the interval between these periods.
The minimum annual earnings for contribution calculation purposes for self-employed persons are €6,775.60.
The maximum annual earnings for contribution calculation purposes are €153,875.
Employer
Universal pension: None.
Earnings-related pension: The average monthly contribution is 17.1%.
The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are €51.57.
There is no maximum limit on the earnings used to calculated contributions.
Government
Universal pension: Total cost of universal pensions, housing allowances, disability allowances, pensioner care allowances, survivor pensions, and war veterans' benefits.
Earnings-related pension: The total cost of the earnings-related pension for self-employed persons whose earnings are less than the minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions. The total cost of covered study periods for students and unpaid periods of child care for persons caring for a child younger than age 3.
The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions for self-employed persons are €6,775.60.
Qualifying conditions
Old-age pension
Universal old-age pension (income-tested): Age 65. An old-age pensioner may continue working.
The pension is payable abroad for a year if the person was a resident of Finland for at least 1 year before moving abroad.
Early pension: Aged 62 to 64.
Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred from age 65.
Child's supplement: Paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: Paid to pensioners according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Unemployment pension: Paid to persons born before 1950, aged 60 to 64 if the insured is no longer entitled to the unemployment basic benefit (after at least 500 days of benefit or reaching age 60) and has worked for at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Care allowance for pensioners: Paid to a pensioner aged 16 or older with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): Paid to immigrants aged 65 or older who do not meet the residence requirement for a universal pension, but reside permanently in Finland and have been living in the country for at least the last 5 years.
Earnings-related old-age pension: The benefit is paid between ages 63 and 68. The insured must retire from covered employment.
Early pension: A reduced earnings-related pension is paid at age 62; no reduction for unemployment beneficiaries.
Part-time old-age pension: Paid at age 58 for those born before 1953 and age 60 for those born in 1953 or later. The insured must have a reduced work schedule (16 to 28 hours a week and earning between 35% and 70% of full-time earnings), be employed full time for 12 of the last 18 months, and be covered during at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred after age 68.
Unemployment pension: Paid to unemployed persons born before 1950, at age 60 if no longer entitled to unemployment benefits (after a maximum duration of 500 days) and covered by the scheme for at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Disability pension
Universal disability pension (income-tested): Aged 16 to 64 and assessed with a permanent incapacity for suitable work. There is no partial pension. The universal pension can be awarded for a limited or an indefinite period.
Disability allowance (aged 16 or older): Paid to nonpensioners or persons with disabilities not receiving a full pension who are aged 16 to 64.
Social Insurance Institution (SII) doctors may request a review of the insured's assessed degree of incapacity at any time. Persons receiving the disability pension must inform the SII of any changes in circumstances that may affect entitlement. SII doctors perform the review based on medical reports from the insured's doctor.
Child's supplement: Paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: Paid to pensioners according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Care allowance for pensioners: Paid to a pensioner aged 16 or older with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Disability allowance (younger than aged 16): Paid for children younger than age 16 with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Rehabilitation benefit: Paid to an insured person undergoing rehabilitation for more than 30 days for an assessed disability.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): Paid to disabled immigrants aged 16 to 64 who do not meet the residence requirement for a universal pension, but reside permanently in Finland and have been living in the country for at least 5 years.
Earnings-related disability pension: The full earnings-related disability pension is paid to persons aged 18 to 62 with an assessed loss of working capacity of at least 60% who are no longer entitled to the cash sickness allowance (300 days excluding Sundays). The old-age pension replaces the disability pension when the insured reaches age 63.
Partial disability: Paid with an assessed loss of working capacity of 40% to 59%.
Rehabilitation benefit: Paid to an employee or a person with a disability who may experience a loss of working capacity due to illness or injury. The benefit is granted for a specific period of time.
The insured's doctor must provide a treatment or rehabilitation plan that promotes the return to work. The pension provider assesses the insured's capacity for work.
Survivor pension
Universal survivor pension (income-tested): The insured must have lived in Finland after age 16 for at least 3 years. The initial pension is paid for a 6-month period; thereafter, the pension amount depends on the beneficiary's other income.
A widow(er) must be younger than age 65, have been married to the deceased before age 65, be caring for a child younger than age 18, or, if childless, be at least age 50 at the time of the spouse's death; in addition, the widow(er) must have been married to the deceased for at least 5 years and must have lived in Finland at the date of death or have moved to Finland within a year of the death and lived in Finland for at least 3 years after age 16.
Universal orphan's pension: Younger than age 18 (age 20 if a full-time student) and a resident of Finland or moved to Finland within a year of the insured's death.
Orphan's supplement (income-tested): Younger than age 18 (students aged 18 to 20 do not qualify).
Earnings-related survivor pension: The deceased was insured or a pensioner at the time of death. The widow(er) is eligible if he or she had a child with the deceased and the couple were married (or in a registered partnership) before the deceased spouse's 65th birthday. If childless, the couple must have been married for at least 5 years (or in a registered partnership) and the survivor must have been younger than age 50 at the date of marriage and have been aged 50 or older or a disability pensioner for at least 3 years when widowed. The pension is paid to a former spouse if he or she received alimony from the deceased.
Earnings-related orphan's pension: Paid to a child younger than age 18.
Universal old-age pension (income-tested): Age 65. An old-age pensioner may continue working.
The pension is payable abroad for a year if the person was a resident of Finland for at least 1 year before moving abroad.
Early pension: Aged 62 to 64.
Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred from age 65.
Child's supplement: Paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: Paid to pensioners according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Unemployment pension: Paid to persons born before 1950, aged 60 to 64 if the insured is no longer entitled to the unemployment basic benefit (after at least 500 days of benefit or reaching age 60) and has worked for at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Care allowance for pensioners: Paid to a pensioner aged 16 or older with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): Paid to immigrants aged 65 or older who do not meet the residence requirement for a universal pension, but reside permanently in Finland and have been living in the country for at least the last 5 years.
Earnings-related old-age pension: The benefit is paid between ages 63 and 68. The insured must retire from covered employment.
Early pension: A reduced earnings-related pension is paid at age 62; no reduction for unemployment beneficiaries.
Part-time old-age pension: Paid at age 58 for those born before 1953 and age 60 for those born in 1953 or later. The insured must have a reduced work schedule (16 to 28 hours a week and earning between 35% and 70% of full-time earnings), be employed full time for 12 of the last 18 months, and be covered during at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred after age 68.
Unemployment pension: Paid to unemployed persons born before 1950, at age 60 if no longer entitled to unemployment benefits (after a maximum duration of 500 days) and covered by the scheme for at least 5 of the last 15 years.
Disability pension
Universal disability pension (income-tested): Aged 16 to 64 and assessed with a permanent incapacity for suitable work. There is no partial pension. The universal pension can be awarded for a limited or an indefinite period.
Disability allowance (aged 16 or older): Paid to nonpensioners or persons with disabilities not receiving a full pension who are aged 16 to 64.
Social Insurance Institution (SII) doctors may request a review of the insured's assessed degree of incapacity at any time. Persons receiving the disability pension must inform the SII of any changes in circumstances that may affect entitlement. SII doctors perform the review based on medical reports from the insured's doctor.
Child's supplement: Paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: Paid to pensioners according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Care allowance for pensioners: Paid to a pensioner aged 16 or older with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Disability allowance (younger than aged 16): Paid for children younger than age 16 with an assessed disability or long-term illness.
Rehabilitation benefit: Paid to an insured person undergoing rehabilitation for more than 30 days for an assessed disability.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): Paid to disabled immigrants aged 16 to 64 who do not meet the residence requirement for a universal pension, but reside permanently in Finland and have been living in the country for at least 5 years.
Earnings-related disability pension: The full earnings-related disability pension is paid to persons aged 18 to 62 with an assessed loss of working capacity of at least 60% who are no longer entitled to the cash sickness allowance (300 days excluding Sundays). The old-age pension replaces the disability pension when the insured reaches age 63.
Partial disability: Paid with an assessed loss of working capacity of 40% to 59%.
Rehabilitation benefit: Paid to an employee or a person with a disability who may experience a loss of working capacity due to illness or injury. The benefit is granted for a specific period of time.
The insured's doctor must provide a treatment or rehabilitation plan that promotes the return to work. The pension provider assesses the insured's capacity for work.
Survivor pension
Universal survivor pension (income-tested): The insured must have lived in Finland after age 16 for at least 3 years. The initial pension is paid for a 6-month period; thereafter, the pension amount depends on the beneficiary's other income.
A widow(er) must be younger than age 65, have been married to the deceased before age 65, be caring for a child younger than age 18, or, if childless, be at least age 50 at the time of the spouse's death; in addition, the widow(er) must have been married to the deceased for at least 5 years and must have lived in Finland at the date of death or have moved to Finland within a year of the death and lived in Finland for at least 3 years after age 16.
Universal orphan's pension: Younger than age 18 (age 20 if a full-time student) and a resident of Finland or moved to Finland within a year of the insured's death.
Orphan's supplement (income-tested): Younger than age 18 (students aged 18 to 20 do not qualify).
Earnings-related survivor pension: The deceased was insured or a pensioner at the time of death. The widow(er) is eligible if he or she had a child with the deceased and the couple were married (or in a registered partnership) before the deceased spouse's 65th birthday. If childless, the couple must have been married for at least 5 years (or in a registered partnership) and the survivor must have been younger than age 50 at the date of marriage and have been aged 50 or older or a disability pensioner for at least 3 years when widowed. The pension is paid to a former spouse if he or she received alimony from the deceased.
Earnings-related orphan's pension: Paid to a child younger than age 18.
Cash benefits for insured workers (except permanent disability)
Universal old-age pension (income-tested): The pension is €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status and the value of other pension income received.
Income test: The benefit is reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the pension is not paid if other pension income exceeds €1,075.25 or €1,207.33 a month, according to marital status. The amount is also adjusted to the length of the period of residence in Finland, with the full amount paid if the insured resided in Finland 80% of the time from age 16 to the date the pension was first paid or age 65.
Early pension: The pension is permanently reduced by 0.4% for each month the pension is taken before age 65.
Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.6% for each month the pension is deferred after age 65.
Child's supplement: €20.37 a month.
Housing allowance: The allowance is €3.11 to €618.02 a month, according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Unemployment pension: The pension is income tested and varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status and the value of other pension income received.
Care allowance for pensioners: The allowance is €57.32, €142.70, or €301.75 a month, according to the extent of care needed.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): The benefit varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status, the value of other pension income received, and the disposable income of the applicant and his or her spouse.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowance supplements are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related old-age pension: Pension rights accrue from age 18 up to age 68. From age 18 to 52, the pension accrues at the rate of 1.5% of annual earnings; from age 53 to 62, by 1.9%; from age 63, by 4.5%. Earnings used to calculate contributions are based on average lifetime earnings.
There is no maximum earnings-related pension.
Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.6% for each month the pension is taken before age 63, up to 7.2%.
Part-time old-age pension: 50% of the difference between the former full-time income and the current part-time income is paid.
For persons born in 1946 or earlier, the part-time pension is calculated based on current accrual conditions: the accrual rate on earnings from part-time work is 1.5% a year up to age 60; thereafter, the accrual rate is 2.5%. For persons born in 1947 or later, pension rights accrue from part-time work at a rate of 1.9% a year between ages 58 and 62 and 4.5% a year from age 63.
Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.4% for each month the pension is deferred after age 68.
Unemployment pension: Pension rights are accrued during years of employment. Rights to a projected service component (time between the date unemployment began and the retirement age) are added to the old-age or survivor pension.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Income test: The benefit is reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the pension is not paid if other pension income exceeds €1,075.25 or €1,207.33 a month, according to marital status. The amount is also adjusted to the length of the period of residence in Finland, with the full amount paid if the insured resided in Finland 80% of the time from age 16 to the date the pension was first paid or age 65.
Early pension: The pension is permanently reduced by 0.4% for each month the pension is taken before age 65.
Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.6% for each month the pension is deferred after age 65.
Child's supplement: €20.37 a month.
Housing allowance: The allowance is €3.11 to €618.02 a month, according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Unemployment pension: The pension is income tested and varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status and the value of other pension income received.
Care allowance for pensioners: The allowance is €57.32, €142.70, or €301.75 a month, according to the extent of care needed.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): The benefit varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status, the value of other pension income received, and the disposable income of the applicant and his or her spouse.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowance supplements are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related old-age pension: Pension rights accrue from age 18 up to age 68. From age 18 to 52, the pension accrues at the rate of 1.5% of annual earnings; from age 53 to 62, by 1.9%; from age 63, by 4.5%. Earnings used to calculate contributions are based on average lifetime earnings.
There is no maximum earnings-related pension.
Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.6% for each month the pension is taken before age 63, up to 7.2%.
Part-time old-age pension: 50% of the difference between the former full-time income and the current part-time income is paid.
For persons born in 1946 or earlier, the part-time pension is calculated based on current accrual conditions: the accrual rate on earnings from part-time work is 1.5% a year up to age 60; thereafter, the accrual rate is 2.5%. For persons born in 1947 or later, pension rights accrue from part-time work at a rate of 1.9% a year between ages 58 and 62 and 4.5% a year from age 63.
Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.4% for each month the pension is deferred after age 68.
Unemployment pension: Pension rights are accrued during years of employment. Rights to a projected service component (time between the date unemployment began and the retirement age) are added to the old-age or survivor pension.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Permanent disability benefits for insured workers
Universal disability pension (income-tested): The pension varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status and the value of other pension income received.
Income test: The benefit is reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the pension is not paid if other pension income exceeds €1,075.25 or €1,204.33 a month, according to marital status. The amount is also adjusted for the length of the residence period in Finland, with the full amount paid if residing in Finland for at least 80% of the time from age 16 to the date the pension was first paid.
The pension ceases if the insured begins new employment.
Disability allowance (aged 16 or older): €199.71 a month, €387.26 a month, or €370.24 a month is paid, depending on the insured's circumstances.
Child's supplement: A flat rate of €20.37 a month is paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: The allowance varies from €3.11 to €618.02 a month, according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Care allowance for pensioners: The allowance is €57.32, €142.70, or €301.75 a month, according to the extent of care needed.
Disability allowance (younger than aged 16): €85.59 a month, €199.71 a month, or €387.26 a month is paid, depending on the insured's circumstances.
Rehabilitation benefit: The allowance is 10% of the universal disability pension.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): The benefit varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status, the value of other pension income received, and the disposable income of the applicant and his or her spouse.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowances are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related disability pension: Pension rights accrue at the rate of 1.5% a year from age 18 to 52, 1.9% from age 53 to 62, and 4.5% from age 63 to 68. All disability pensioners have the right to projected service from the date the disability began until age 63. The accrual rate for projected service is 1.5% of salary a year.
There is no maximum earnings-related disability pension. The insured can receive earnings from employment of up to 40% of the pension (up to €600 a month).
Partial disability pension: 50% of the full pension is paid if the assessed loss of working capacity is between 40% and 59%. The insured can receive earnings from employment that equal up to 60% of the pension (up to €600 a month).
Rehabilitation benefit: The benefit amount for a full and partial disability is based on the assessed degree of disability plus a 33% increment for periods of active vocational rehabilitation.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Income test: The benefit is reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the pension is not paid if other pension income exceeds €1,075.25 or €1,204.33 a month, according to marital status. The amount is also adjusted for the length of the residence period in Finland, with the full amount paid if residing in Finland for at least 80% of the time from age 16 to the date the pension was first paid.
The pension ceases if the insured begins new employment.
Disability allowance (aged 16 or older): €199.71 a month, €387.26 a month, or €370.24 a month is paid, depending on the insured's circumstances.
Child's supplement: A flat rate of €20.37 a month is paid for a child younger than age 16.
Housing allowance: The allowance varies from €3.11 to €618.02 a month, according to income, housing expenses, municipality, marital status, and the number of family members.
Care allowance for pensioners: The allowance is €57.32, €142.70, or €301.75 a month, according to the extent of care needed.
Disability allowance (younger than aged 16): €85.59 a month, €199.71 a month, or €387.26 a month is paid, depending on the insured's circumstances.
Rehabilitation benefit: The allowance is 10% of the universal disability pension.
Special assistance for immigrants (income-tested): The benefit varies from €6.21 to €584.13 a month, according to marital status, the value of other pension income received, and the disposable income of the applicant and his or her spouse.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowances are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related disability pension: Pension rights accrue at the rate of 1.5% a year from age 18 to 52, 1.9% from age 53 to 62, and 4.5% from age 63 to 68. All disability pensioners have the right to projected service from the date the disability began until age 63. The accrual rate for projected service is 1.5% of salary a year.
There is no maximum earnings-related disability pension. The insured can receive earnings from employment of up to 40% of the pension (up to €600 a month).
Partial disability pension: 50% of the full pension is paid if the assessed loss of working capacity is between 40% and 59%. The insured can receive earnings from employment that equal up to 60% of the pension (up to €600 a month).
Rehabilitation benefit: The benefit amount for a full and partial disability is based on the assessed degree of disability plus a 33% increment for periods of active vocational rehabilitation.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Survivors benefits for dependents
Universal survivor pension (income-tested): Paid to a widow(er) for the first 6 months following the spouse's death. The maximum basic pension is €301.27 a month plus a possible housing allowance. From the 7th month, at least €94.37 is paid if the surviving spouse is caring for a dependent child, otherwise the pension is income-tested. The value of the pension varies according to the deceased's length of residence in Finland.
Universal orphan's pension: A child younger than age 18 (age 20 if a full-time student) receives €55.43 a month; up to €110.86 a month for a full orphan.
Orphan's pension supplement (income-tested): The orphan's pension may be increased up to €83.84 (half orphan) or €167.68 (full orphan) a month.
Income test: Pensions for a widow(er) and orphans are reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the income-tested widow(er)'s pension is not paid if other monthly pension or other income exceeds €886.58 or €1031 a month, according to marital status and the age of children. The orphan's pension supplement is not paid if other pension income exceeds €219.16 a month. The value of the widow(er)'s pension varies according to the deceased's length of residence in Finland, with the full amount paid if the deceased lived in Finland at least 80% of the time after attaining age 16 up to the date the pension was first paid or age 65.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowances are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related survivor pension: The widow(er) receives up to 50% of the deceased's pension or up to 50% of the disability pension that the deceased would have been entitled to receive.
The widow(er)'s pension is split if there is a divorced spouse receiving alimony, depending on the amount of the alimony.
There is no means test for the first 6 months if the surviving spouse is younger than age 65 and is not receiving a pension in his or her own right. If the survivor has dependent children, there is no income test before the youngest child reaches age 18.
Income test: The old-age pension or disability pension accrued by the surviving spouse (even if not in payment) reduces the amount of the earnings-related survivor pension.
Earnings-related orphan's pension: One orphan receives 33.3% of the deceased's pension; up to 83.3% of the deceased's pension is paid for four orphans or more.
The maximum earnings-related survivor pension is 100% of the deceased's pension.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Universal orphan's pension: A child younger than age 18 (age 20 if a full-time student) receives €55.43 a month; up to €110.86 a month for a full orphan.
Orphan's pension supplement (income-tested): The orphan's pension may be increased up to €83.84 (half orphan) or €167.68 (full orphan) a month.
Income test: Pensions for a widow(er) and orphans are reduced to 50% of the difference between other pension income and €51.50 a month; the income-tested widow(er)'s pension is not paid if other monthly pension or other income exceeds €886.58 or €1031 a month, according to marital status and the age of children. The orphan's pension supplement is not paid if other pension income exceeds €219.16 a month. The value of the widow(er)'s pension varies according to the deceased's length of residence in Finland, with the full amount paid if the deceased lived in Finland at least 80% of the time after attaining age 16 up to the date the pension was first paid or age 65.
Benefit adjustment: The universal pension and allowances are adjusted automatically each year for changes in the cost-of-living index.
Earnings-related survivor pension: The widow(er) receives up to 50% of the deceased's pension or up to 50% of the disability pension that the deceased would have been entitled to receive.
The widow(er)'s pension is split if there is a divorced spouse receiving alimony, depending on the amount of the alimony.
There is no means test for the first 6 months if the surviving spouse is younger than age 65 and is not receiving a pension in his or her own right. If the survivor has dependent children, there is no income test before the youngest child reaches age 18.
Income test: The old-age pension or disability pension accrued by the surviving spouse (even if not in payment) reduces the amount of the earnings-related survivor pension.
Earnings-related orphan's pension: One orphan receives 33.3% of the deceased's pension; up to 83.3% of the deceased's pension is paid for four orphans or more.
The maximum earnings-related survivor pension is 100% of the deceased's pension.
Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted according to a weighted index for changes in the consumer price index (80%) and wages (20%).
Administrative organization
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (http://www.stm.fi) provides general supervision of private-sector statutory pensions.
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health
Insurance Department,
P.O. Box 33,
FI-00023 Government,
Finland
Tel.: +(358-9) 16 07 38 70
Fax: +(358-9) 16 07 41 68
Universal pensions: Social Insurance Institution (http://www.kela.fi) administers universal and disability pensions through district offices.
Social Insurance Institution
PO Box 450,
FI-00101 Helsinki,
Finland
Tel.: +(358-20) 434 11
Fax: +(358-9) 434 17 00
A governing body appointed by parliament manages the Social Insurance Institution.
Local boards determine claims for old-age and survivor pensions. Disability pension claims are determined by the central administration.
Municipalities collect the universal pension contributions with municipal taxes.
Earnings-related pensions: The Finnish Centre for Pensions (http://www.etk.fi), a tripartite board, oversees the earnings-related pension system.
Finnish Centre for Pensions
Kirjurinkatu 3,
Helisinki,
FI-00065 Eläketurvakeskus
Finland
Tel.: +(358-10) 75 11
Fax: +(358-9) 148 11 72
Carriers for earnings-related pension plans are licensed non-profit insurance companies, pension funds, and foundations.
Financial Supervision Authority (http://www.finanssivalvonta.fi) supervises the carriers.
Financial Supervision Authority
PO Box 449,
Mikonkatu 8,
FI-00101 Helsinki
Finland
Tel.: +(358) 9 415 5950
Fax: +(358) 9 415 5951 5
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health
Insurance Department,
P.O. Box 33,
FI-00023 Government,
Finland
Tel.: +(358-9) 16 07 38 70
Fax: +(358-9) 16 07 41 68
Universal pensions: Social Insurance Institution (http://www.kela.fi) administers universal and disability pensions through district offices.
Social Insurance Institution
PO Box 450,
FI-00101 Helsinki,
Finland
Tel.: +(358-20) 434 11
Fax: +(358-9) 434 17 00
A governing body appointed by parliament manages the Social Insurance Institution.
Local boards determine claims for old-age and survivor pensions. Disability pension claims are determined by the central administration.
Municipalities collect the universal pension contributions with municipal taxes.
Earnings-related pensions: The Finnish Centre for Pensions (http://www.etk.fi), a tripartite board, oversees the earnings-related pension system.
Finnish Centre for Pensions
Kirjurinkatu 3,
Helisinki,
FI-00065 Eläketurvakeskus
Finland
Tel.: +(358-10) 75 11
Fax: +(358-9) 148 11 72
Carriers for earnings-related pension plans are licensed non-profit insurance companies, pension funds, and foundations.
Financial Supervision Authority (http://www.finanssivalvonta.fi) supervises the carriers.
Financial Supervision Authority
PO Box 449,
Mikonkatu 8,
FI-00101 Helsinki
Finland
Tel.: +(358) 9 415 5950
Fax: +(358) 9 415 5951 5
Réponse à la dernière enquête: 01 Janvier 2010
Dernière mise à jour AISS: 01 Janvier 2010
Taux de change: US$1.00 equals 0.70 euros (€).